Youth engagement gives young adults currently or formerly impacted by the child welfare system a voice and informs systems to improve services for youth. Done well, youth engagement embraces a spirit of co-design, and can result in better organizational decision-making and greater equity. However, if the engagement lacks authenticity and adults are unwilling to share their power, these efforts can fail to achieve their goals and, at worst, may do more harm than good.

When seeking the voices and perspectives of youth with lived experience, agencies and organizations should expect to spend time preparing the youth for their work. It is equally important for agencies to take time to prepare themselves before taking steps to connect with youth participants. 

This brief offers some questions for agencies to consider before undertaking a new youth engagement effort or when making changes to an existing approach. It also illustrates effective power sharing and offers examples from agencies with successful youth engagement strategies. 

This brief is the first in a three-part series on youth engagement values and approaches, developed in partnership with experienced youth and family advocates from Family Voices United,^1,2. a collaborative project among Casey Family Programs, Children’s Trust Fund Alliance, FosterClub, and Generations United. Other briefs in the series include: 

• What are some best practices for recruiting and working with youth advisory boards?
• What does it mean to value youth partners as assets? 

Preparing the agency

Cristal Ramirez, youth engagement manager at the National Association of Counsel for Children, suggests that agencies first “pause and consider the ‘why’” of youth engagement. This includes assessing both the agency’s motive — what it hopes to gain from the engagement — as well as its level of commitment to doing so authentically and meaningfully. 

Are leaders at all levels truly prepared to listen to youth feedback and make changes in response to their recommendations? Answering “yes” unequivocally to this question is an essential prerequisite for authentic engagement. Other questions to consider:

Where will the youth engagement take place? 

Youth participants on an advisory or advocacy board that is independent from and external to the agency (supported by a community partner, for example) may feel more free to speak their minds. On the other hand, locating an advisory group internally can help hold the agency accountable to recommendations for change, particularly if the entity is centrally connected to the agency’s Continuous Quality Improvement process.

What roles will youth play? 

There are a broad range of possible youth engagement opportunities and roles. Advisory boards or councils are a popular choice. Others include peer mentoring, professional internships, reviewing grant or award applications, participating on hiring teams, sharing personal experiences on a panel, writing an op-ed, paid staff positions, and other opportunities that demonstrate the value of youth partners as assets. Offering lower barrier-to-entry opportunities (such as one-time activities) in addition to those requiring a longer commitment can help increase the diversity of youth who participate.

Which youth will be engaged? 

Diversity is critical to effective youth engagement. However, if the effort is new, agencies might consider beginning with a cohort of older youth/young adults who may have more experience, support networks, and emotional resilience. Ask for their involvement in planning the details of the youth engagement strategy as their feedback may prevent or quickly correct missteps that otherwise would undermine the agency’s goals and, more importantly, could cause harm to less experienced, more vulnerable youth advocates.

What is the budget for youth engagement? 

Youth are experts in their own experience, and their knowledge and expertise are essential to improve the child welfare system. They should be compensated in the same manner as other subject matter experts, including hourly or daily stipends and reimbursement for travel costs and meals. Additional expenses for youth may be compensated to reduce barriers to their participation, such as parking, transportation, and child care. Effective youth engagement is staff intensive, requiring training, preparation, frequent check-ins, and support. It is important to plan and budget for dedicated staff support and supervision to support this type of intentional approach.

How will you prepare staff? 

Agencies also will want to examine whether their existing culture — policies, practices, staff training/orientation, etc. — already embraces listening to and being guided by the voices of youth. Training in sharing power, trauma-informed care, and youth-adult partnerships should be part of the preparation for current staff and part of the orientation process as new staff come on board. In Louisiana, youth advisors from a state Department of Children & Family Services advisory board called Louisiana Elite Advocacy Force (LEAF), regularly participate in trainings for foster parents and new caseworkers so that everyone in the system better understands youth perspectives.

Power-sharing strategies

Authentic engagement means those who traditionally have greater influence and decision-making authority must step back, creating more space for other voices and perspectives. Young adult advocates and others with experience with successful youth engagement offer the following tips to make sure “sharing power” extends beyond intent and moves into action:

Eliminate barriers to youth participation. 

Schedule activities at times convenient and accessible to youth. This is not always easy as some youth and young adults attend school and/or work during the traditional 9 to 5 work day while others have job or caretaking responsibilities for family members on evenings and weekends. Survey the youth you want to engage, take their schedules and preferences into account, and provide adequate notice for meetings and other activities. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, some agencies have seen engagement increase with the availability of virtual meetings.  

Consider the timing of youth engagement. 

If youth are consistently invited into projects when they are near completion, they may feel that their perspectives have not been highly valued. Sharing power means integrating youth into project conceptualization and planning from the beginning and co-creating the entire process with them, not just asking for their feedback when a product is drafted or nearly complete. 

Do not expect or require youth to share their personal experiences. 

Asking youth to share their story at an event or in a newsletter is a common engagement strategy. Focusing only on their personal experience in foster care, for example, erases the other personal, academic, and professional experiences that they may bring to their role. It also reflects an unequal power dynamic. How often are staff asked to share intimate details about their families and childhood in a professional setting? Instead, recognize that youth advisors and advocates can speak from their experience without talking about what happened to them.

Make sure youth know they always can say “No.” 

Sharing power means that the adults don’t always determine the agenda. Some agencies ask staff to make formal requests for youth involvement. Staff members must describe the proposed project, expected activities, deliverables, and timelines, and consider how the youth advisors will be compensated and recognized for their work. Youth then are better prepared to make informed decisions about whether they want to participate and what they want to work on.  

Be transparent about how youth input will be used. 

Agencies also must be clear about who will be hearing what youth share, particularly if personal stories and images may be used. It is critical to ensure that youth currently involved with the system have commitments and reassurances from agencies and their contract providers that they will be safe from retaliation for speaking out about problems they see and changes they recommend. Spelling out exactly who will be making the final decision on youth recommendations and why, and repeating this information often, will help manage expectations and help youth feel safe and supported.  

Close the loop. 

Timely follow up on the feedback that youth provide is an essential component of youth engagement. If a recommendation cannot be implemented, explain why. Doing so shows respect and builds trust. Megan Trible, director of youth engagement at Foster Success in Indiana, says: “As youth are working in different work groups, we make sure we are going back and telling them what happened with their recommendations. That has created a lot of self-confidence and self-efficacy, and a feeling of, ‘Wow. What I said really mattered.’”

Examples 

The National Association of Counsel for Children (NACC) created its National Advisory Council for Children’s Legal Representation to help center the perspectives and priorities of people with lived experience in all the organization’s work and planning. Created in 2020 as the National Youth Advisory Board, the group selected its own name in August 2021 to better reflect its role. The National Advisory Council advises NACC’s board of directors, provides guidance to NACC staff in all departments, and helps the organization pursue its mission and core strategies. In one recent legal advocacy campaign, two National Advisory Council members were included on the campaign’s national advisory committee. Another member wrote an Op-Ed that was published in two influential newspapers, and another submitted testimony to the legislature in a target state. When NACC hired a communications manager, another National Advisory Council member participated in the interview and hiring process. A dedicated youth engagement manager, Cristal Ramirez, supports the Advisory Council members and fields requests for their involvement. Ramirez gathers information about each request, including how the members will be compensated or otherwise benefit from the project (for example, by being listed as authors on a final report), and then bringing that information to the members to decide for themselves. NACC also created a tip sheet for engaging lived experience experts in the child welfare system. Ramirez and the tip sheet were featured in an October 2021 webinar offered through the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges: Making Lived Experience Engagement Authentic, Intentional, and Mutually Beneficial.  

Florida Youth SHINE is an entirely youth-led, peer-driven organization that empowers current and former youth in foster care to become leaders and advocates within their communities. Youth SHINE has 14 chapters across Florida, each with a partner organization that provides space, funding, mentors, and support. Local chapters are given autonomy, electing their own leaders and deciding which members will represent them at quarterly statewide gatherings and on the statewide leadership board. The only requirement for participation in Youth SHINE is to be between age 13 and 24 and have some previous experience in the child welfare system. Chapters meet at least once per month to focus on local advocacy efforts, including discussing issues, solutions, and actions they will take to improve the system. Youth SHINE also hosts local and statewide opportunities for peer connections, including games, movies, and other social activities. The youth set their own agenda for legislative, policy, and media advocacy, and community education activities. They are encouraged to engage in any advocacy that appeals to them, which might include legislative and policy work, media advocacy, work with community agencies, or sharing their artwork with audiences. “Any outlet that youth are interested in for advocacy, we’ll find a way to make it happen,” says Maria Batista, a former member of Youth SHINE and currently one of two peer specialists with the organization. “We just want to be sure their voices are heard.”

The Indiana Youth Advisory Board is a program of the nonprofit Foster Success, under contract with the Indiana Department of Child Services. When Megan Trible first started in her position with Foster Success as director of youth engagement, she proposed a new organizational strategy that was rejected by the youth on the leadership team. So instead she worked in tandem with the youth leaders to create a structure that addressed their desire for a cohesive but non-hierarchical structure, where all leaders could be equal players. They created six positions, one for each of six foundational pillars of Indiana’s older youth initiatives: youth-adult partnerships; youth voice; social networking; building social capital; normalcy and healthy risk-taking; and brokering resources. The leaders in those positions have specific duties related to that principle: for example, the Youth Voice representative is responsible for listening to youth in all regions and advocating for policy changes that reflect their perspectives. All of the positions are paid an equal monthly stipend. Rimy Morris, a former Youth Advisory Board member now on staff as a youth advisor for Foster Success, said that the absence of a hierarchy was very important to board members, as they had experienced a competitive culture both in their time in foster care and in earlier iterations of the advisory board. Morris says that as a result of the current youth-developed structure, the culture of the group has greatly improved: “We now have shared power, we stand up for each other’s values, and we move with integrity.”

1 Content of this brief was developed with members of the Knowledge Management Lived Experience Advisory Team during four meetings in 2021: May 6, June 1, June 25, and Oct. 22. This team includes youth, parents, kinship caregivers, and foster parents with lived experience in the child welfare system, and who serve as strategic partners with Family Voices United, a collaboration between FosterClub, Generations United, the Children’s Trust Fund Alliance, and Casey Family Programs. Team members who contributed to this brief include Aleks Talksy, Aliyah Zeien, Ryan Young, Rimy Morris, Jessica Cardenas, and Amanda Cruce.
2 This brief was informed by interviews with Rimy Morris, Indiana Youth Advisory Board, and Megan Trible, Foster Success, on Oct. 8, 2021; Geori Berman, Florida Youth SHINE, on July 19, 2021; Maria Batista, Florida Youth SHINE, on Aug. 2, 2021; Allison Green, Kim Dvorchak, and Cristal Ramirez, National Association of Counsel for Children, on Aug. 2, 2021; and Samuel Martin, SDM Consulting, on May 10, 2021.